“你们都是靠作弊进来的！”美国教授课堂上公然攻击中国留学生？

很难想象，这是一位美国名校教授对自己学生说的话。而这一幕，却在有着“公立常春藤”之美誉的美国马里兰大学发生了。

就在不久前，发生在马里兰大学商学院会计系的一件事引发众议。

据《环球时报》报道，马里兰大学商学院会计系讲师韦伯 (Weber) 向学校控告多名留学生"集体作弊"，提出指控后， 韦伯取消了所有学生的考试成绩，这门课上大部分都是中国学生。

而来自中国南部小城的留学生萨曼莎·吴（音译）也在韦伯指控的作弊名单之列，但她当即否认，表示自己没有作弊。

Samantha Wu had high hopes when she left her small town in southern China to study at an American university. But she didn’t expect to be under investigation by the University of Maryland after a professor accused her and other Chinese students of cheating on an exam. Wu denies the accusation.

随后，收到这些指控的学校展开了调查。据吴同学向WAMU（美国公共广播电台美国大学广播）表示，除了一名中国学生承认作弊行为之外，其他学生的情况仍在调查之中，而她和另外四名中国学生则被认为是清白的。

The cheating charges against Wu and the other students were forwarded to the University of Maryland’s Office of Student Conduct. According to Wu, one Chinese student pleaded guilty, and another case is still under investigation. Wu and four other students were cleared, according to Wu.

这次的经历让吴同学感到自己因为中国国籍而受到针对，于是她和另外四名学生向马里兰大学的人权和性行为不端办公室提出申诉。学生们表示，韦伯教授在数周内共有七次针对自己的种族和国家发表歧视性言论。

The cheating charges made by Wu’s professor, David Weber, were eventually dismissed, but she told WAMU the experience made her feel like she was being targeted because of her Chinese nationality. That’s why Wu and four other students filed a complaint with the University’s Office of Civil Rights and Sexual Misconduct. The students alleged that Weber discriminated and harassed them on the basis of race and national origin arising from seven incidents throughout several weeks.

据吴同学回忆，那天韦伯在课堂上指控学生们作弊时，是这么说的：

“你们通过作弊进入了马里兰大学，但是你们自己选择在美国学习的，所以在美国，我们不会容许你们那么做。”

According to Wu, when Weber brought up the cheating accusations to the class, “He said, you cheated your way into the University of Maryland, but you chose to study in America, so in America, we don’t allow you to do that anymore.”

收到申诉后，马里兰大学对这次事件展开了调查。

韦伯向WAMU表示，自己很乐意讨论这一问题，但他目前并未获得学校的允许接受媒体采访，所以他通过自己的律师布莱恩·马尼发布了一个份声明。

Weber says he welcomed the opportunity to discuss these issues with WAMU but claims he did not have permission from the university’s counsel to speak with reporters. But he did send a statement to WAMU through his attorney, Brian Mahany.

马尼对学生们申诉中的说法提出了异议，称那并非是韦伯教授的原话。韦伯教授在控告中提到学生们的国籍，是因为对于国际学生而言，这么做的后果很严重。

Mahany contests the students’ statement within the complaint, saying those weren’t Weber’s “exact words.” He says Weber referred to the student’s nationality when he accused them of cheating because the consequences for international students are so steep.

据WAMU报道，被马里兰大学校方认定为作弊的学生将会在成绩单上获得一个“XF”，意思是这门课因学生的学术欺诈行为而不及格。这些学生还有可能会被开除，而国际学生甚至还有可能失去他们的签证。

Students found guilty of cheating at the University of Maryland receive an “XF” on their transcripts, which means they failed because of academic dishonesty. They can also be expelled from school. International students would likely lose their visas, making it unlawful for them to remain in the country.

总之，律师马尼认为，韦伯这么做的目的是让学生们意识到作弊的严重性，而非歧视什么人。

“The purpose of this discussion was to consider the seriousness of the cheating allegations, not to discriminate,” Mahany wrote to WAMU.

在向学校提出作弊指控后，韦伯取消了所有学生的成绩，让他们选择再考一次，或者以自己的期中考试成绩作为最终成绩。

他还和另一位教授共同签署了一份面向同一课程学生的线上公告。公告中，两位教授表示，和学术诚信相比，学生们似乎更在乎自己的成绩。在他们看来，这样的情况在某种程度上和文化有关。而这门课上大部分的学生都为中国人。

Following the suspected cheating, Weber invalidated all of the students’ exams last fall and gave them the option to take another test or use their midterms as a final grade. Then he and another professor co-signed an online notice to students in the same course. In it, they wrote that students appeared to be more focused on their grades than “the integrity of the profession,” attributing that opinion, in part, to their culture. The majority of students in the class are Chinese.

总之，在韦伯看来，学生们的这些说法都被断章取义了。但吴同学却认为，教授的做法冒犯了她和其他中国学生：

“我觉得自己受到了不平等的对待，因为这些做法并非是针对作弊学生群体，针对的是中国学生群体。”

Weber says the verbal and written statements were taken out of context. Wu says the messages were offensive to her and other Chinese students.

“I feel that I am being treated unfairly because this is not something targeting the cheating students as a group. This is something targeting Chinese students as a group,” Wu says.

在受到吴同学和其他几位同学的申诉后，学校要求韦伯停止授课。但如今他已经回到校园正常授课。

The university initially asked Weber to not teach classes after five students, including Wu, reported his statements to the school’s Office of Civil Rights & Sexual Misconduct. But now he is back teaching on campus.

从教11年的韦伯表示，自己教书生涯的大多数时间中都获得了学生们的正面评价，就在期末考试之前，他的法务审计课也获得了学生们的好评。

Weber has been teaching for 11 years and says he’s received positive feedback during most of his tenure as a teacher. He also says that he received positive reviews from students in his forensic auditing class before the final exam.

韦伯在写给WAMU的信中表示，文化和自我提升的确会对作弊行为产生影响。在从教之前，他曾是一位资深的执法官员，并参与了多起大宗国际诈骗案件，其中一些便发生在中国。

“毫无疑问，在中美两国之间，存在着不同的遵循规则和打破规则的文化。”他如此说道。

“I believe that culture and upraising does play a role in cheating,” Weber wrote to WAMU, noting that he also worked as a senior federal law enforcement official before teaching and was involved in a number of major international fraud matters, including some in China. “There is no question that there is a different rule-following and rule-breaking culture between the U.S. and China.”

但他也承认，这并不意味着中国学生更易于作弊。“基于国籍将一群学生打上‘作弊者’的标签并不合理，对许多没有作弊的中国学生而言并不公平。”

“Does that mean that Chinese students are more prone to cheat? No,” Weber continued. “It isn’t proper to label an entire group of students based on nationality as being ‘cheaters.’ That isn’t fair to the many Chinese students who don’t cheat.”

韦伯认为，学校对于学生作弊行为监管不力，也是一大问题。

我担忧之处在于，尽管有诚信守则，但学校管理部门并非总是支持举报作弊行为的教职员工，这与校方的规定形成鲜明对比，尤其当发生作弊的科目是大学最赚钱的科目之一时。

It is my fear that, despite the honor code, the school administration will not always support faculty members who report cheating, in contrast to what the policy actually says. This is especially when the program in which cheating occurs is one of the most profitable programs for the university.

马里兰大学的工作人员回应称，他们不能提供调查的具体细节，但发布了一份声明强调：

“学术诚信至高无上。校方正针对课堂作弊或种族歧视的指控进行调查，这两项指控均不被容忍。由于投诉的事项很重要，因此学校必须遵循流程，确保所有相关程序适当，并迅速采取合适方式解决任何错误做法。”

Officials from the University of Maryland said they couldn’t discuss the details of the investigation but sent a statement saying: “Academic integrity is paramount. Reported accusations of cheating or racial discrimination in the classroom are investigated, and neither is tolerated. It is important to report matters so that we can follow our processes to ensure due process for all involved and any wrongdoing can be addressed swiftly and appropriately.”

其实，中国留学生们并非首次遭遇这类事件。

今年年初，英国利物浦大学在考试期间向国际学生们发送了一封关于考试提醒事项的邮件。

然而在提醒学生作弊之严重后果的英文邮件中，英文词cheating后专门用中文“舞弊”进行了标注，格外显眼。

The University of Liverpool was accused of discriminating against Chinese after an email about exam rules directing at all overseas students included a Chinese translation for the word 'cheating'.

The university's Student Welfare Advice and Guidance office sent the email offering exam advice to international students, warning them of serious consequences if they were caught cheating. The email, which was written entirely in English, contained the Chinese characters for 'cheating'. 

这封邮件在学生和网友之中引发了巨大争议，然而校方给出的解释是：“我们发现中国学生通常对英文中的‘cheating’一词不太熟悉，因此在此处提供了译文。”

An explanation in the email said: 'We find that our Chinese students are usually unfamiliar with the word "cheating" in English, and we therefore provide this translation.' 

但不久之后，学校很快发布了致歉声明，称这个错误并不代表大学对中国学生的尊重态度。

而《洛杉矶时报》(Los Angeles Times) 在去年年底的一篇报道也指出，美国加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校的教授们曾抱怨中国学生的作弊事件和英语水平。

“随着加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校录取的中国学生越来越多，教授们抱怨起了作弊事件和英语水平。”

据报道，几年前，该校历史系教授保罗·斯皮卡德表示，全校三分之一的抄袭事件与中国学生有关，但中国学生的比例在全校学生中仅占6%。

A few years ago, UC Santa Barbara faculty were told at a meeting that Chinese students made up 6% of the student body but accounted for one-third of plagiarism cases, according to Paul Spickard, a history professor on the faculty admissions committee.

该校还有老师为让学生们认真听课，在课上用中英双语的ppt向学生们申明课堂守则↓↓↓

消息传到国内，而对于这种情况，不少网友表示，作弊的情况只是个别人，不应上升到对整个民族群体的歧视。

但也有网友表示，打铁还需自身硬，每一个中国学生都要严格要求自己的行为，不让别人有把柄可拿。

但不论如何，作弊抄袭这样的学术禁区千万不能踩，踏踏实实，学有所成，才是中国留学生应有的样子。

综合来源：《环球时报》、观察者网、WAMU、Los Angeles Times、Daily Mail、“这里是美国”公众号

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