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半年两起坠机！波音737 MAX 8，你还敢坐吗？
3月10日，埃塞俄比亚航空公司ET302航班在起飞后不久坠毁。包括机组人员在内的157人，无一生还，其中包括8名中国公民（5男3女），4人为中国公司员工，2人为联合国系统国际职员（含1名香港居民），另2人分别来自辽宁和浙江。
Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 went down minutes after takeoff on Sunday from Addis Ababa, killing all 157 people on board.
China's Foreign Ministry confirmed Sunday that eight Chinese nationals, including one from Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, were on board the ill-fated plane.
Of the Chinese passengers, five were male and three female. Most of them were under 40. According to the Chinese Embassy in Ethiopia, four of the Chinese victims were employees of Chinese companies, two worked for the United Nations and two were from Liaoning and Zhejiang provinces on personal trips.
关于此次坠机事故，BBC总结了以下几点：
3月10日，埃航班机ET302由亚的斯亚贝巴飞往内罗毕，起飞后不久坠毁，无人生还。
An Ethiopian Airlines jet bound for Kenya's capital, Nairobi, crashed shortly after take-off from Addis Ababa, killing all on board.
该客机于当地时间8时38分从亚的斯亚贝巴起飞，随后于上午8点44分坠机。
The crash happened at 08:44 local time, six minutes after the months-old Boeing 737 Max-8 took off.
△失事客机飞行路线图/图片来自flightradar24网站
飞机上149名乘客和8名机组人员不幸遇难。
The airline said 149 passengers and eight crew members were on flight ET302.
遇难者来自30多个不同国家。
The victims are from more than 30 countries.
失事的波音737 Max 8客机于去年11月15日交付塞俄比亚航空。
The Boeing Max-8 aircraft was delivered to Ethiopian Airlines on 15 November last year.
目前事故发生原因尚未明确。但机长曾报告困难并申请返航。（根据空中交通管制员的记录，他获准返回。只是，还没来得及返航 ，悲剧就发生了，该飞机机头朝下插进入地面坠毁。）
The cause of the disaster is not yet clear. However, the pilot had reported difficulties and had asked to return to the airport.
现场目击者在接受BBC采访时表示，飞机撞击地面后燃起熊熊大火。
An eyewitness at the scene told the BBC there was an intense fire as the aircraft hit the ground.
现场画面显示，在客机坠毁现场，飞机的碎片四处散落。
图片来源：AP
图片来源：路透社 Tiksa Negeri
据悉，此次空难是波音737 Max 8机型在5个月内第二次坠毁。去年10月29日早上，印度尼西亚狮子航空一架波音737 Max 8客机在雅加达起飞不久后坠毁在爪哇海，机上189名乘客和机组人员全部遇难。尽管埃塞航在关于ET302航班失事的声明中称，还无法猜测事故发生的原因，但相同机型在短时间内接连坠毁，让不少分析人士开始对737 Max 8这款机型的安全性表示质疑。
Last October, a 737 Max 8 flown by Indonesian budget carrier Lion Air crashed 13 minutes after takeoff, killing all 189 passengers and crew members on board. So what are the similarities between the two accidents and is there a common link?
据《环球时报》报道，737 Max系列是波音公司推出的中短程窄体客机737的最新一代，包括737 Max 7、737 Max 8、737 Max 9以及737 Max 10。其中，737 Max 8于2016年首飞，2017年5月正式交付马印航空开始其商业运营。据公开数据统计，737 Max 8是波音公司目前最受欢迎的机型之一，已经向多家航空公司交付200余架，包括国航、东航等中国主要航空公司也均在运营该机型。根据埃塞航公布的消息，失事的波音737 Max 8客机于去年11月15日交付，飞行时间为1000小时左右。
在3月11日的全国政协十三届二次会议小组讨论上，全国政协委员、中国民航局副局长李健表示：“波音737-8机型出现的问题目前只有在自动驾驶状态可以解决，人工驾驶状态则来不及，再接自动驾驶也接不上。技术上有一些办法，但不能根本解决。”
同时，他也提到了这款波音飞机在设计上较之前的变化，“可能带来了风险的不确定性”，比如迎角探测器。
据《环球时报》报道，狮子航空空难发生后不久，事故调查的焦点就指向了737 Max飞机本身：其迎角探测器(AOA)存在问题，可能会反馈错误数据。彭博社当时曾报道称，在飞行员手动飞行时，此问题会导致传感器给出飞机即将失速的错误数据，737 Max会自动将机头向下压，导致下坠。
去年10月29日，在印度尼西亚雅加达，一名警察整理飞机残骸。新华社/路透
随后，波音向所有运营737 Max系列飞机的航空公司发布了安全公告，指导机组人员如何通过现有飞行程序应对迎角传感器出现的错误数据。迎角是飞行中的一个重要指标，如果迎角过大会引起失速，使得机翼丧失升力。
不过，也有相关专家表示，现在确定此次埃塞航坠机的原因还为时过早。
而面对对737 MAX的质疑，3月12日，波音在推特发布最新声明：对737 MAX的安全充满信心。
波音公司表示：“安全是波音公司的首要任务，我们对737 MAX的安全性充满信心。我们了解监管机构和客户已做出他们认为最适合其本土市场的决策。我们将继续与他们保持沟通，以确保他们拥有对运营机队充满信心所需的信息。美国联邦航空管理局此时并未强制要求采取任何进一步行动，并且根据现有信息，我们没有任何依据向运营商发布新的指南。”
此前3月11日，波音曾发布公告称，表示将对737 MAX的飞行控制增强系统进行改进，并预计将在4月之前取得美国联邦航空管理局的适航许可。
Boeing Company said Monday that it is planning to make a safety upgrade to software that is to be deployed across the 737 MAX fleet in the coming weeks.
Boeing said it is working with the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to develop the software enhancement, which the FAA hoped to mandate with an Airworthiness Directive no later than April.
波音称，自从去年狮航航班坠机后，为了飞机更加安全，一直在为737 MAX开发飞行控制软件，俯仰增强控制功能已经添加，以改善飞机操纵特性。同时给飞行员下发了操作手册，指导其手动调整迎角探测器故障带来的问题。
Boeing said it has been developing a flight control software enhancement for the 737 MAX for the past several months in the aftermath of the Lion Air Flight 610 tragedy.
3月10日坠机事件发生后，波音公司曾通过官方微博和推特发表多次声明，表示会提供技术协助↓↓↓
U.S. aircraft manufacturing giant Boeing Sunday promised to offer technical assistance to Ethiopia over a deadly air crash of Ethiopian Airlines.
"A Boeing technical team will be traveling to the crash site to provide technical assistance under the direction of the Ethiopia Accident Investigation Bureau and U.S. National Transportation Safety Board," Boeing said in a short statement.
It also offered condolences to the families of the passengers and crew on board Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 (ET 302).
3月11日9时，民航局发出通知，要求国内运输航空公司于2019年3月11日18时前暂停波音737 MAX 8飞机的商业运行。
The Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) has ordered Chinese airlines to ground their Boeing 737 Max 8 jets following the deadly crash on Sunday of an Ethiopian Airlines plane, the second such fatal accident involving the same aircraft model in five months.
In a statement on its website on Monday, the Chinese aviation regulator said the two crashes "share certain similarities" noting that in both cases "the aircraft were newly delivered Boeing 737 Max 8, and both accidents occurred during takeoff."
It ordered domestic airlines to halt the operations of their Boeing 737 Max 8 jets by 6 p.m. local time on Monday.
民航局将联系美国联邦航空局和波音公司，在确认具备有效保障飞行安全的有关措施后，通知各运输航空公司恢复波音737-8飞机的商业运行。
"The administration will contact the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration and Boeing Company and resume the commercial operation of the Boeing 737 Max 8 aircraft after it is convinced about the safety of the model," CAAC said.
这样的做法引来少网友感慨“生命无价，中国民航好样的”！
3月12日，关于波音737-8飞机在中国被暂停运行将持续多久这一问题，外交部发言人陆慷主持例行记者会时回应：
首先，我想强调，发生这起不幸的空难事故后，不只是中国民航局，全球已经有不少国家和地区都暂停了波音737-8飞机的商业运行。有的国家是全部暂停，有的是部分航空公司暂停，有的国家是正开展调查，大家在网上都可以看到。
First of all, I want to stress that after this tragic air crash happened, not only the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC), but also several countries and regions have suspended the Boeing 737 MAX 8 jets. While this aircraft type has been grounded by some or all airliners in certain countries, some other countries are carrying out investigations, which you may go and check for yourself online.
至于中方的暂停禁令会持续多久，中国民航局发布的公告已表明，将联系美国联邦航空局和波音公司，在确认具备有效保障飞行安全的有关措施后，通知各运输航空公司恢复波音737-8飞机的商业运行。现在很难预断一个具体时间表，而是要确保没有任何安全风险的前提，这也是为了对所有乘客的安全负责。
As for how long the aircraft will be grounded in China, the CAAC has made it clear in its statement that it would contact the US Federal Aviation Administration and Boeing and then notify airlines when they could resume flying the jets after making sure measures to effectively guarantee flight safety are in place. I can hardly give you a specific timetable at this moment. Rather, we need to ensure there is not any safety risk as we need to be responsible to all passengers.
当地时间11日下午，埃塞俄比亚航空公司发表声明称，经过搜寻，遇难飞机波音737-MAX8的黑匣子已经找到，其中包括“数字飞行数据记录器”和“驾驶舱话音记录器”两个部分。埃塞俄比亚航空公司还将进一步跟进事情发展的情况。
Meanwhile, the Ethiopian Airlines announced in a press release that the Digital Flight Data Recorder (DFDR) and Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) of ET302 had been recovered. The cause of the crash is expected to be found from the black box data.
据英国广播公司12日报道，美国联邦航空管理局(FAA)坚称波音737 MAX 8“适航”。尽管半年之内连发两起波音737 MAX 8飞机坠机空难，FAA依然发布“持续适航通知”，称这架飞机可以安全飞行。
The US Federal Aviation Administration has told airlines it believes Boeing's 737 Max 8 model to be airworthy, after two fatal crashes inside six months.
就在美国联邦航空管理局发布这项声明后不久，阿根廷航空、墨西哥国际航空公司和巴西勒莫国航也宣布将暂停波音737 MAX 机型。澳大利亚、新加坡、英国也于周二决定暂时停飞波音该机型。
Some in the aviation community have called for the aircraft to be grounded pending a full investigation.
But late on Monday, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) issued a "continued airworthiness notification" saying the plane was safe to fly.
China, Indonesia, and Ethiopia on Monday ordered their airlines to ground the jet. Aerolineas of Argentina, Mexico's Aeromexico and Brazil's Gol have also suspended flights of the aircraft.
Australia, Singapore and the United Kingdom on Tuesday banned Boeing 737 MAX planes from their airspaces and airlines around the world grounded the jets following a second deadly accident in just five months.
当地时间周二，欧洲航空安全局（The European Aviation Safety Agency）发布声明称，从当天晚上7点起，将全面禁飞波音737 MAX 8和MAX 9两款机型，欧洲境内不再使用上述机型执飞，同时也不允许任何由第三方运营的这两款机型飞越欧洲领空。
在《纽约时报》3月11日统计的47家航空公司中，除9家飞行状态“不明”的航空公司之外，全球23家航空公司已经禁飞波音737 MAX 8，且这一数字呈现增长趋势。另有美国西南航空、加拿大航空、美国航空、挪威航空等以欧美航空公司为主的航司仍然正常使用波音737 MAX 8。
图片来源于《纽约时报》
生命至上，愿出入平安。
综合来源：CGTN，Xinhua，环球网，中国民航局，BBC，外交部官网，人民日报新浪微博，都市时报，民航资源网，环球网，央视新闻
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